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Civil Rights & Reform · 1787–1965

Extending the promise that all are created equal.

The long struggle to extend the promise of equality across territory, gender, and race.

Northwest Ordinance

1787 · Statehood, civil liberties, and the first federal limit on slavery.

Declaration of Sentiments

1848 · The founding document of the women’s rights movement.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Banned discrimination by race, color, religion, sex, or origin.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Federal protection of the right to vote.

Reconstruction Amendments

The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments.

Brown v. Board of Education

The end of “separate but equal” in public schools.